三维旋转水平轴风力机流场的PIV试验和数值模拟

通过粒子图像测速仪(Particle image velocimetry,PIV)测量和定常计算流体力学(Computational fluid dynamics,CFD)数值模拟相结合的方法,对某三维旋转水平轴风力机模型的流场展开研究。在风洞开口实验段,来流风速为8m/s,针对不同尖速比(λ=4,8)利用PIV技术对风力机叶片的瞬时速度场进行测试。通过定常CFD数值模拟,获得了风力机叶片在相应工况下的流场细节。在8m/s来流风速下,当尖速比大于7.4时,试验测得的风轮扭矩和风能利用率与数值模拟结果趋于一致。尖速比小于7.4时,试验测得的扭矩值低于计算值,其风能利用效率也较低。通过速度矢量分布可以看出,在λ=4时,PIV测得靠近叶根的两个截面S1,S2在叶背有明显的流动分离,CFD结果中仅在S1截面叶背存在流动分离,S2截面叶背存在低速区。在λ=9.8时,PIV和CFD结果均显示叶片绕流流场没有流动分离。尝试采用Gamma Theta转捩模型进行了数值模拟,在考虑了层流影响后,计算所得风轮扭矩更加接近试验值。     

Nonlinear dynamic behavior of a flexible asymmetric aero-engine rotor system in maneuvering flight

Aero-engine rotor systems installed in aircraft are considered to have a base motion. In this paper, a flexible asymmetric rotor system is modeled considering the nonlinear supports of ball bearings and Squeeze Film Dampers (SFDs), and the dynamic characteristics of the rotor system under maneuvering flight are systematically studied. Effects of the translational accelerative motions, the angular motions and the pitching flight with combined translational and angular motions on nonlinear dynamic behavior of the rotor system are investigated. The results show that, due to the nonlinear coupled effects among the rotor, ball bearings and SFDs, within the first bending resonance region, responses of the rotor show obvious nonlinear characteristics such as bistable phenomenon, amplitude jumping phenomenon and non-synchronous vibration. Translational acceleration motion of the aircraft leads to axis offset of the rotor system and thus results in the reduction and the final disappearance of the bistable rotating speed region. The pitching angular motion mainly affects rotational vibration of the rotor system, and thus further induces their transverse vibrations. For the pitching flight with combined translational and angular motions, a critical flight parameter is found to correspond to the conversion of two steady responses of the rotor system, in which one response displays small amplitude and synchronous vibration, and the other shows large amplitude and non-synchronous vibration.     

Erosion degradation characteristics of a linear electro-hydrostatic actuator under a high-frequency turbulent flow field

The paper proposes a performance degradation analysis model based on dynamic erosion wear for a novel Linear Electro-Hydrostatic Actuator (LEHA). Rather than the traditional statistical methods based on degradation data, the method proposed in this paper firstly analyzes the dominant progressive failure mode of the LEHA based on the working principle and working conditions of the LEHA. The Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method, combining the turbulent theory and the micro erosion principle, is used to establish an erosion model of the rectification mechanism. The erosion rates for different port openings, under a time-varying flow field, are obtained. The piecewise linearization method is applied to update the concentration of contaminated particles within the LEHA, in order to gain insight into the erosion degradation process at various stages of degradation. The main contribution of the proposed model is the application of the dynamic concentration of contamination particles in erosion analysis of Electro-Hydraulic Servo Valves (EHSVs), throttle valves, spool valves, and needle valves. The effects of system parameters and working conditions on component wear are analyzed by simulations. The results of the proposed model match the expected degradation process.     

近地径向等质量共线三星库仑编队飞行队形保持研究

研究了近地径向等质量共线三星库仑编队飞行队形保持控制问题。针对三星库仑编队相对运动动力学的复杂性，运用绳系编队的建模思想，建立了径向等质量共线三星库仑力编队在地球同步轨道处的非线性相对运动动力学模型。考虑库仑编队动力学特性和环境干扰不确定因素影响，基于该非线性动力学模型，设计了地球同步轨道处的等质量三星库仑编队滑膜反馈控制律，在滑模控制中加入了线性反馈项提高控制器的稳定性和准确性，同时保证了编队整体的鲁棒性。仿真结果表明,该控制律能够使编队达到预期静态构型，具有良好的控制性能。     

含间隙铰链的非线性动力学建模及数值分析

针对空间可展开机构中的含间隙铰链,建立非线性动力学模型,研究其非线性动力学特性。将含间隙铰链实体等效为"T"字型梁模型,针对两侧端部的径向碰撞和侧向碰撞,首次提出了碰撞点的检测算法。针对不同的碰撞类型,建立相应的非线性接触力和摩擦力分析模型,将碰撞点处的作用力等效施加到"T"字型梁模型上。进行"T"字型梁模型在轴向冲击载荷下的动力学特性分析,并与ANSYS软件的分析结果进行比较,验证了含间隙铰链非线性动力学模型的有效性。分析了有多个含间隙铰链的可展开桁架动力学响应特性,研究含间隙铰链对桁架响应的影响机理。结果表明:采用含间隙铰链的动力学模型,可以更加精确地分析可展开桁架结构的非线性动力学响应,为可展开桁架结构的动力学设计提供支撑。     

OH与CH2O双组分平面激光诱导荧光对旋流燃烧室火焰结构与脉动特征的研究

介绍了利用平面激光诱导荧光(PLIF)技术对航空发动机的旋流燃烧室模型在贫燃状态下工作特性的研究。通过对OH与CH2O双组分进行同步PLIF测量,获得了不同工况下燃烧室反应区以及预热区的瞬态结构信息。应用本征正交分解(POD)方法对OH PLIF的图像进行处理,得到了旋流火焰的主要脉动模态,并通过扩展本征正交分解(EPOD)方法计算出了相应POD模态的CH2O荧光信号分布。实验结果表明:随着燃烧室热功率的增大,火焰的整体结构、脉动模式均出现了明显的变化。在火焰高度增加的同时,轴向不稳定性逐渐增强,涡核旋进(PVC)的脉动特征相对减弱。在较大的热功率下,在燃烧室的外回流区(ERZ)出现未燃烧的燃料。      

Exploration life support technology challenges for the Crew Exploration Vehicle and future human missions

As NASA implements the U.S. Space Exploration Policy, life support systems must be provided for an expanding sequence of exploration missions. NASA has implemented effective life support for Apollo, the Space Shuttle, and the International Space Station (ISS) and continues to develop advanced systems. This paper provides an overview of life support requirements, previously implemented systems, and new technologies being developed by the Exploration Life Support Project for the Orion Crew Exploration Vehicle (CEV) and Lunar Outpost and future Mars missions. The two contrasting practical approaches to providing space life support are (1) open loop direct supply of atmosphere, water, and food, and (2) physicochemical regeneration of air and water with direct supply of food. Open loop direct supply of air and water is cost effective for short missions, but recycling oxygen and water saves costly launch mass on longer missions. Because of the short CEV mission durations, the CEV life support system will be open loop as in Apollo and Space Shuttle. New life support technologies for CEV that address identified shortcomings of existing systems are discussed. Because both ISS and Lunar Outpost have a planned 10-year operational life, the Lunar Outpost life support system should be regenerative like that for ISS and it could utilize technologies similar to ISS. The Lunar Outpost life support system, however, should be extensively redesigned to reduce mass, power, and volume, to improve reliability and incorporate lessons learned, and to take advantage of technology advances over the last 20 years. The Lunar Outpost design could also take advantage of partial gravity and lunar resources.     

碟形飞行低速特性

碟形飞行器是一种新颖的,采用翼身融合布局的飞行器.为获得碟形飞行器在低速条件下的总体特性,对其进行了风洞测力和动导数测量试验,结合稳定性分析和模型试飞研究了其总体性能.研究结果表明:碟形飞行器最大升阻比为12.2,失速迎角28°,全机纵向模态稳定,横航向滚转模态和荷兰滚模态稳定,螺旋模态发散,具有良好的飞行品质和综合性能.     

上游弯头对内锥流量计性能影响的仿真与实验研究

研究旨在获取上游弯头安装条件下内锥流量计的性能和所需要的直管段长度.研制了100mm口径、β值分别为0. 45、0. 65、0. 85三种结构类型的样机.开展了上游单弯头、同一平面上连续两个90°成S型结构双弯头及互成垂直平面上连续两个90°双弯头的仿真和实验研究,仿真和实验的介质均为常温水,雷诺数范围分别为0. 498×10~5~4. 98×10~5和0. 14×10~5~4. 5×10~5.仿真结果与实验结论一致,并利用平均流出系数相对误差及附加不确定度作为安装条件影响的主要评价标准.给出了上游弯头安装条件内锥流量计所需的直管段长度.     

卫星编队飞行相对轨道动力学模型的比较及选用

基于动力学方法推导了几种编队飞行相对轨道动力学模型．分析比较了引力项线性化以及J2摄动引起的模型误差的数量级,给出了模型选取的参考准则以及适用条件,分析了不同模型的适用性．最后选取太阳同步轨道和静止轨道作为数值算例,选取合适的相对轨道动力学模型,验证模型选取准则的有效性．仿真结果表明一定范围内考虑^摄动能提高精度,而超出一定范围J2的引入只会增加复杂性,因此提出的模型选取准则对相对轨道动力学模型的选取有一定的参考价值．